Java Basic Operators

Java provides a rich operator environment to write the program.

What are the different types of operator in java?

• Arithmetic Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators

Java also defines some additional operators for certain special cases.

• Arithmetic Operators: are used in mathematical expressions in the java code.

  What are the arithmetic operators in java?

  Operator	Description
  +	Addition
  -	Subtraction or unary minus
  *	Multiplication
  /	Division
  %	Modulus
  ++	Increment
  --	Decrement
  +=	Addition assignment
  -=	Subtraction assignment
  *=	Multiplication assignment
  /=	Divison assignment
  %=	Modulus assignment

  
  Example Program for arithmetic operators in java:

  // Arithmetic operations in java                                                
  class ArithmeticTest {                                                          
   public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
    int a = 5, b = 4, c = 2;                                                      
                                                                                  
    System.out.println("Addition of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + (a + b));        
    System.out.println("Subtraction of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + (a - b));     
    System.out.println("Multiplication of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + (a * b));  
    System.out.println("Division of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + ((double)a / (double)b));
    System.out.println("Modulus of " + a + " and " + b + ": " + (a % b));         
    //Increment by 1                                                              
    int d = ++a;                                                                  
    //Decrement by 1                                                              
    int e = --b;                                                                  
    //Addition assignment                                                         
    a += 1;                                                                       
    // Subtraction assignment                                                     
    b -= 1;                                                                       
    System.out.println("Increment of a:" + d);                                    
    System.out.println("Decrement of b:" + e);                                    
    System.out.println("Addition assignment of a:" + a);                          
    System.out.println("Subtraction assignment of b:" + b);                       
   }                                                                              
  }     
  

  Output:

  Addition of 5 and 4: 9
  Subtraction of 5 and 4: 1
  Multiplication of 5 and 4: 20
  Division of 5 and 4: 1.25
  Modulus of 5 and 4: 1
  Increment of a:6
  Decrement of b:3
  Addition assignment of a:7
  Subtraction assignment of b:2
  

• Bitwise Operators: can be applied to the integer types: long, int, short and byte.
  These operators work upon the individual bits of their operands.

  What are the bitwise operators in java?

  Operator	Description (Bitwise)
  ~	Unary NOT
  &	Unary AND
  |	Unary OR
  ^	Exclusive OR (XOR)
  >>	Shift right
  >>>	Shift right fill
  <<	Shift left
  &=	AND assignment
  |=	OR assignment
  ^=	exclusive OR assignment
  >>=	Shift right assignment
  >>>=	Shift right zero fill assignment
  <<=	Shift left assignment

  
  Example program for bitwise operators in java:

  //Bitwise  operations in java                                                   
  class BitwiseOperatorsTest {                                                    
   public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
    int a = 5, b = 4, c = 2;                                                      
                                                                                  
    System.out.println("Bitwise " + a + " AND " + b + ": " + (a & b));            
    System.out.println("Bitwsie of " + a + " OR " + b + ": " + (a | b));          
    System.out.println("Bitwise of " + a + " XOR " + b + ": " + (a ^ b));         
    System.out.println("Bitwise Unary NOT of" + a +": " + ~a);                    
    System.out.println("Shift right by 2 of " + a + " : " + (a >> 2));            
    //Shift right zero fill                                                       
    int d = a >>> 2;                                                              
    //Shift left by 3                                                             
    int e = b << 3;                                                               
    //Bitwise AND assignment                                                      
    a &= 4;                                                                       
    // Shift right assignment                                                     
    b >>= 3;                                                                      
    System.out.println("Shift right zero fill of " + a + " by 2:" + d);           
    System.out.println("Shift left by 3 of "+ b +": " + e);                       
    System.out.println("Bitwise AND assignment of a  and 4:" + a);                
    System.out.println("Shift right assignment of b by 3:" + b);                  
   }                                                                              
  }   
  

  Output:

  Bitwise 5 AND 4: 4
  Bitwsie of 5 OR 4: 5
  Bitwise of 5 XOR 4: 1
  Bitwise Unary NOT of5: -6
  Shift right by 2 of 5 : 1
  Shift right zero fill of 4 by 2:1
  Shift left by 3 of 0: 32
  Bitwise AND assignment of a  and 4:4
  Shift right assignment of b by 3:0
  

• Relational Operators: Outcome of these operators is a boolean value. Relational operations are mostly used in expressions that control the control statements and various looping statements. Mostly used for comparison.

  What are the relational operators in java?

  Operator	Description
  ==	Equal to
  !=	Not equal to
  >	Greater than
  <	Less than
  >=	Greater than or equal to
  <=	Less than or equal to

  
  Example program for relational operators in java:

  //Relational operators in java                                                  
  class RelationalOperatorsTest {                                                 
   public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
    int a = 5, b = 4;                                                             
                                                                                  
    boolean c = a > b;                                                            
                                                                                  
    System.out.println(a + " is greater than  " + b +": " + c);                   
                                                                                  
    if (a == 5) {                                                                 
     System.out.println("a value is 5");                                          
    }                                                                             
    if (b != 2) {                                                                 
     System.out.println("b values is not 2");                                     
    }                                                                             
   }                                                                              
  }  
  

  Output:

  5 is greater than  4: true
  a value is 5
  b values is not 2
  

• Boolean Logical Operators: These operators are only for boolean operands.

  What are the logical operators in java?

  Operator	Description
  &	Logical AND
  |	Logical OR
  ^	Logical XOR(exclusive OR)
  ||	Short-circuit OR
  &&	Short-circuit AND
  !	Logical Unary NOT
  &=	AND assignment
  |=	OR assignment
  ^=	XOR assignment
  ==	Equal to
  !=	Not equal to
  ?:	Ternary if-else

  
  Example program for logical operators in java:

  //Logical operators in java                                                     
  class LogicalOperatorsTest {                                                    
   public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
    boolean a = true;                                                             
    boolean b = false;                                                            
                                                                                  
    boolean c = a & b;                                                            
    boolean d = a | b;                                                            
    boolean e = a ^ b;                                                            
    boolean f = !a;                                                               
                                                                                  
    System.out.println("    a: " + a);                                            
    System.out.println("    b: " + b);                                            
    System.out.println("a & b: " + c);                                            
    System.out.println("a | b: " + d);                                            
    System.out.println("a ^ b: " + e);                                            
    System.out.println("   !a: " + f);                                            
                                                                                  
    // Short circuit AND                                                          
    if (a && b) {                                                                 
     System.out.println("Both a and b are not true");                             
    }                                                                             
    //Short circuit OR                                                            
    if (a || b) {                                                                 
     System.out.println("Either a or b is true");                                 
    }                                                                             
   }                                                                              
  }   
  

  Output:

      a: true
      b: false
  a & b: false
  a | b: true
  a ^ b: true
     !a: false
  Either a or b is true
  

• Assignment Operators: assignment operator in java is single equal sign (=).

  // here var_name must be compatible with the type of expression.
  var_name = expression;
  

  Example:

  int a, b, c;
  
  // Assigning 205 value for variable a, b and c.
  a = b = c = 205;
  

• What is ternary operator?

  Ternary Operator ( ? operator): Java has a special ternary(three way) operator that can replace if-else statements for certain types.

  expression1?:expression2:expression3
  

  Example:

  int a, b, c;
  
  a = 5;
  b = 2;
  
  //Assigns 10 to variable c if a is greathan b, otherwise assigns 20 to variable c.
  c = (a > b)? 10 : 20;
  

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