Java Control Statements

What are the types of control statements?

  • Java selection statements: if and switch statements allow to control the flow of program's execution based upon the conditions known only during runtime.
  • if: Java's conditional branch statement. if can be used to route program execution in two different paths.
    if (condition) statement1;
    else statement2;
    
    if the condition is true, statement1 is executed, otherwise statement2 is executed. else block is optional, if else block is not present, program execution goes to next statement. it can be using curly braces (that is block) for multiple statements in if else blocks.
    if (condition) {
     statements;
    }
    else {
     statements;
    }
    
    Example:
    // if statement in java                                                           
    class IfElseTest {                                                              
     public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
      boolean a = true;                                                             
      boolean b = false;                                                            
                                                                                    
      if (a || b) {                                                                 
       System.out.println("Either a or b is true or both a and b is true");         
      }                                                                             
      else {                                                                        
       System.out.println("Both a and b is false");                                 
      }                                                                             
     }                                                                              
    }   
    
    Output:
    Either a or b is true or both a and b is true
    
  • Nested ifs: is an if statement that is the target of another if or else. Nested if is mostly common in the java programming.
    // Nested if in java                                                           
    class IfElseTest {                                                              
     public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
      boolean a = true;                                                             
      boolean b = false;                                                            
                                                                                    
      if (a || b) {                                                                 
       if ( a && b) {                                                               
        System.out.println("Both a and b is true");                                 
       }                                                                            
       else {                                                                       
        System.out.println("Either a or b is true");                                
       }                                                                            
      }                                                                             
      else {                                                                        
       System.out.println("Both a and b is false");                                 
      }                                                                             
     }                                                                              
    }   
    
    Output:
    Either a or b is true
    
  • if-else-if Ladder: sequence of nested if's.
    if (condition)
     statement;
    else if(condition)
     statement;
    else if(condition)
     statement
    //...
    else
     statment;
    
    Example:
    //if else if ladder statements in java                                           
    class IfElseIfTest {                                                            
     public static void main(String args[]) {                                       
      boolean a = true;                                                             
      boolean b = false;                                                            
                                                                                    
      if (!a) {                                                                     
       System.out.println("a is not true");                                         
      }                                                                             
      else if ( a && b) {                                                           
        System.out.println("Both a and b is true");                                 
      }                                                                             
      else if (a || b) {                                                            
       System.out.println("Either a or b is true");                                 
      }                                                                             
      else {                                                                        
       System.out.println("Both a and b is false");                                 
      }                                                                             
     }                                                                              
    } 
    
    Output:
    Either a or b is true
    
  • Switch: is java's multiple path branch statement. It provides the easy way to move program execution to different parts of java code.
    switch(expression) {
     case value1:
      Statements;
      break;
     case value2:
      Statements;
      break;
     //...
     default:
      statments;
    }
    
    Switch expression must be of type byte, short, int and char. Each of the value specified in case must be type compatible with the switch expression.
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